The theory that visible disorder, such as graffiti or broken windows, leads to more serious crime is known as what?

• A. Broken windows theory
• B. Routine activity theory
• C. General deterrence theory
• D. Strain theory

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is that small signs of disorder create an atmosphere of weak social control, which can invite more serious crime. When there are broken windows, graffiti, and general neglect that go unaddressed, people perceive that the area is not monitored and that rules aren’t enforced. This lowers the perceived risk of getting caught and can embolden would‑be offenders to escalate from petty offenses to more serious crimes. This is the essence of the broken windows theory, which argues that maintaining order and promptly addressing minor problems helps prevent larger criminal activity. By contrast, routine activity theory explains crime as a function of opportunities created by the convergence of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and a lack of guardianship; it doesn’t specifically claim that visible disorder itself causes more crime. General deterrence focuses on punishment as a general preventive signal, and strain theory looks to social and economic pressures as drivers of crime. So the described idea aligns best with broken windows theory.