Which theory states crime results from pressure or stress caused by blocked opportunities or goals?

• A. Strain theory
• B. Acculturation effect
• C. Self-selection
• D. Routine activities theory

Answer: (A)

Strain theory explains crime as a response to pressure created when people are blocked from achieving culturally valued goals through legitimate means. When legitimate avenues to success are unavailable or limited—due to poverty, discrimination, or lack of access—the resulting strain can push individuals toward criminal behavior as a way to attain those goals or relieve the pressure. This emphasis on the motivation caused by blocked opportunities is what sets it apart from the other theories. Routine activities theory focuses on how crime arises from the chance convergence of a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of guardians, highlighting opportunities rather than internal pressure. Acculturation deals with adapting to a new culture, not with stress from blocked goals, and self-selection refers to individuals’ choices based on personal factors rather than societal strain from blocked opportunities.