Immigration, Crime, and Legal Issues Practice Exam

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• Which term describes the sale of stolen property by an intermediary who facilitates the trade?
• Which study showed random patrols did not reduce crime or increase feelings of safety?
• Which term is used for a group that believes gun ownership is under threat and advocates armed resistance?
• Which term corresponds to the standard of proof required in criminal prosecutions?
• How do exceptional clearances differ from traditional clearances?
• Which concept explains that people who choose to immigrate may be especially motivated, hardworking, or less likely to commit crime?
• The idea that law is shaped by how judges, police, and officials actually behave, not just written rules.
• Which term describes the affordance of trust and legitimacy, where people or companies are trusted because of their position, making wrongdoing easier to hide?
• Which term refers to sexual assault committed by someone the victim is dating or knows romantically?
• Which term describes unlawful entry into a building with the intent to commit theft or another felony?
• Re-entering the United States after deportation is what kind of offense?
• Which term describes a pattern of deceit or manipulation to obtain government funds or advantages?
• Which term refers to a mind-altering substance in broad terms?
• Public trust declined due to excessive force, racial profiling, corruption, discriminatory enforcement, protest suppression, and lack of accountability. Which term describes this phenomenon?
• What term describes using special nonpublic knowledge about a company for profit or gain?
• The idea that law is applied strictly based on written rules with little personal judgment.
• Drug panics have often been tied to racist stereotypes. This concept is best described as:
• What is the term for the murder of a public figure?
• Which term describes nonviolent refusal to obey laws as a form of protest?
• Which term describes illegal activity carried out through advanced electronic media or technology?
• Early policing systems designed to monitor, control, and capture enslaved Black people.
• Which category includes heroin, LSD, and marijuana?
• Which concept explains that as immigrants assimilate, their crime rates may become closer to those of native-born citizens?
• Which concept is associated with the macro-level condition of neighborhoods influencing crime?
• Laws restricting enslaved people's movement and gatherings are known as?
• The statement that more people are on probation or parole than in prison, and violations can send people back to jail or prison, describes which concept?
• Which term refers to scams that take advantage of loopholes in bankruptcy laws?
• Which drugs are Schedule III?
• Punishing one person to stop that same person from reoffending.
• The opioid epidemic has often been treated more as a public health crisis than earlier drug crises. This is best described as:
• Which term describes illegal acts aimed at evading taxes?
• Which term refers to crimes motivated by a person's race, religion, identity, or other protected characteristics?
• Which type of organizations help immigrants with legal processes, resources, advocacy, and community support?
• What term describes briefly detaining and questioning people suspected of wrongdoing?
• Misuse of power or position for personal or financial gain.
• Which term describes taking property from a person through force or intimidation?
• Which term describes deliberate conduct that results in touching or harming another person?
• Which term describes obtaining property by false pretenses?
• Corporate fault based on whether the corporation's judgments or decisions were reasonable.
• Which term describes the deliberate act of killing with premeditation?
• Disparities in drug enforcement are shaped by which factors?
• A business operation that supplies illegal goods and services for profit is described as which?
• What term describes misleading or lying about a product or service to get people to buy it?
• Which term describes a person who lacks lawful immigration status?
• Reducing crime by 1% through incarceration would cost billions of dollars nationally.
• Which term best describes the function of enforcing laws and maintaining public order through police activity?
• Which statement reflects the set of main rationales including retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restitution?
• Which statement best explains why clearance rates are lower for crimes involving Black victims?
• Which term describes using technology to create counterfeit documents, distribute illegal material, or conduct illegal gambling?
• What term denotes a company environment that incentivizes illegal behavior?
• What term refers to the intentional killing of another person?
• Which term refers to theft or stealing?
• Which term describes the killing of four or more victims at one location on a single occasion?
• Theft or misuse of money or property placed in someone's trust, often by an employee.
• How are 'new destinations' defined in the context of immigration trends?
• A company environment that encourages or pressures people to break the law.
• When crimes are not reported to police, often because of fear, distrust, or belief that police cannot help, this phenomenon is known as what?
• When crime reduction in a targeted area spreads to nearby areas, this phenomenon is known as what?
• The theory that visible disorder, such as graffiti or broken windows, leads to more serious crime is known as what?
• Unintentional killing caused by extremely reckless conduct.
• Which concept is active refusal to obey laws or commands, often nonviolently, to protest injustice?
• Corporate intent shown through official decisions or policies.
• Which term describes the process of assimilation where immigrants' crime rates move toward native-born levels?
• Which law increased penalties for possession and trafficking of marijuana?
• Post-slavery laws that limited Black freedom and enforced labor control?
• What term describes a lawful killing, such as in self-defense?
• Which approach ties policing to maintaining order by aggressively addressing minor offenses?
• Which term describes crimes involving information stored or transmitted electronically?
• The illegal trade or theft of objects with artistic or historic value is called what?
• Which term best describes the rationale that aims to prevent crime by removing offenders from society?
• Willfully avoiding taxes through fake forms, hidden funds, or false records?
• Which term describes misrepresentation or deceit in transactions aimed at consumers?
• Occasional offenders who steal opportunistically to solve immediate problems are known as which?
• Risky lending, mortgage fraud, misleading investors, lack of regulation, and risky financial decisions.
• Which rationale focuses on changing offender behavior so they do not reoffend?
• Which statement describes drug use rates and racial disparities in punishment?
• Which concept centers on rehabilitation and social support in punishment?
• Which term best describes drugs with high potential for abuse but accepted medical use with severe restrictions, such as fentanyl and some stimulants?
• Which policy advocates strict enforcement of all laws, including minor offenses?
• Which concept describes a harsh, prison-focused system that punishes and excludes offenders from society?
• Which wave includes synthetic opioids such as fentanyl?
• In criminal cases, what must the prosecution prove to establish guilt?
• Under federal law, which drugs are classified as Schedule I drugs?
• Which figure helped develop professional policing in London and emphasized crime prevention and economic protection?
• Which term refers to deceiving in the insurance sector to illegally obtain money?
• What term describes operations using misleading sales techniques to convince people to buy risky or poorly financed stocks?
• Which term describes a person with antisocial traits who disregards norms?
• Which term describes the killing of several people by one offender over a period of time?
• What term describes illegal activity involving possessing, selling, distributing, or making controlled substances?
• Which theory posits that crime is more likely when communities lack stability, resources, and strong social ties?
• Which term refers to a corporation's failure to take responsible steps to prevent an offense?
• Which term describes taking property from a person through force or threats?
• A corporation's failure to take reasonable corrective action after an offense.
• The idea that people learn criminal behavior from others, including people at work.
• What term describes nonviolent, financially motivated crime usually committed by people in business or professional jobs?
• Abuse or neglect of older adults, including physical, sexual, emotional, financial, or willful deprivation, is called what?
• The power prosecutors have to decide charges, plea deals, and case priorities is called what?
• Which data source is described as gold standard data on police lethal force?
• Which term describes the idea that crime occurs when a motivated offender, a suitable target, and lack of guardianship converge?
• Which rationale aims to reduce crime by preventing offenders from committing further crimes by locking them up?
• Which term covers false claims, kickbacks, collusion, payoffs, or other scams involving government money or officials?
• Which statement about police staffing and crime reduction is most accurate?
• Which theory proposes that crime happens when a motivated offender, a suitable target, and lack of guardianship come together?
• Which 1930s national study found widespread police corruption, brutality, inefficiency, and problems with Prohibition enforcement?
• What term describes stealing goods from retail merchants?
• Which term describes crimes involving information created, stored, manipulated, or communicated electronically?
• Crimes involving counterfeit, stolen, or misused credit cards or stolen retail data are known as what?
• Which term describes the perceived legitimacy that helps hide wrongdoing?
• Which strategy focuses police resources on small areas with high crime levels?
• Which term denotes killing without intent that results from reckless disregard?
• Which term describes crimes by a company or its employees to benefit the corporation?
• Which term refers to the theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle?
• Which term describes crimes committed by individuals through opportunities created in a legal job or occupation for personal gain?
• Which concept is described as punishment that focuses on making offenders repay or compensate victims?
• Which policy category aims to reduce drug use by changing demand through education and treatment?
• Which term means killing caused by criminal negligence?
• Which term describes deceiving customers about a product to influence purchases?
• Which term denotes a penalty such as imprisonment, fines, or community service?
• Which term means altering a check to defraud?
• Which term describes skilled offenders who plan crimes, make money, and often avoid long incarceration?
• Making something illegal and punishable by law is called:
• Which term refers to crimes motivated by bias against protected characteristics such as race or religion?
• Which term refers to the ecological contamination created by labeling a neighborhood as dangerous, leading to more problems?
• Which law placed a prohibitive tax on marijuana?
• Which term describes altering a check with intent to defraud?
• Which data sources are commonly used as major sources for police lethal force data?
• Which term denotes the idea that punishment can deter others from committing crimes?
• Which term describes crimes involving information systems or networks using digital technologies to manipulate, steal, or defraud?
• Which statement about police killings versus officer deaths is true?
• Rules or laws that limit how much local police cooperate with federal immigration enforcement are known as what?
• What is the correct interpretation of sanctuary policies in relation to crime rates?
• Which term refers to illegally changing a stock price by misleading investors?
• Which term is correctly paired with its civil burden of proof requiring a preponderance of evidence?
• Which term describes theft or stealing without force from a person?
• Which term best describes a group known for extortion and bribery, including contract killings?
• Which theory states crime results from pressure or stress caused by blocked opportunities or goals?
• What term describes punishing one person to discourage others in society from committing crime?
• Which concept describes being pushed to the edges of society through poverty, exclusion, or disadvantage?
• Which term is defined as forced sexual intercourse without consent?
• Which term is the use of force against another person resulting in harmful or offensive contact?
• Which term describes violent behavior that occurs on school property or at school events?
• Many incarcerated people are low-risk or near the end of criminal activity, and prisons can expose people to criminal networks.
• Which organization is NOT listed as a major data source for police lethal force in the material?
• Which statement describes police funding?
• Efforts to reduce drug availability through arrests, enforcement, and stopping production or trafficking are known as:
• Killing with malice but without premeditation or deliberation?
• A killing where the victim and offender had no known previous contact.
• Which term describes efforts to reduce people's desire or need for drugs through education, treatment, and prevention?
• The idea that people commit crime after weighing risks and rewards.
• Which term refers to a person with antisocial personality disorder who lacks internal control and disregards social values?
• Which term describes the idea that immigration strengthens communities and local economies, potentially reducing crime via social networks?
• Which describes the three waves of the opioid epidemic?
• What term describes labeling a neighborhood as bad or dangerous, which can create more problems and disorder?
• The murder of a public figure is called?
• Which term describes supervised release from prison before a full sentence is completed?
• Which term describes a person who enters a country on a temporary visa?
• Which theory asserts that differences in cultural norms can lead to misunderstanding or perceived criminal behavior?
• The blending of criminal law and immigration law is called what?
• Who is known as the father of modern policing and promoted police professionalization, education, and community policing ideas?
• What does research generally show about sanctuary policies and crime rates?
• Efforts to reduce people's desire or need for drugs through education, treatment, and prevention are known as:
• Killing in the heat of passion.
• What term describes the movement of people from one country to another to live there, either permanently or temporarily?
• Which individual is celebrated for promoting police professionalization, education, and community policing in the United States?
• Which term describes violence used to promote an ideology or agenda by creating fear among a population?
• Which term refers to the theft or improper use of money or property entrusted to someone?
• What is the term for when harmful or rule-breaking behavior becomes accepted as normal over time?
• Which term specifically applies to the killing of four or more victims at a single location on one occasion?
• Which drugs are Schedule II under federal law?
• Which term describes a sentence that lets someone remain in the community under supervision instead of going to prison?
• Which theory suggests immigration can strengthen communities, improve local economies, and reduce crime through social ties and growth?
• Unlawfully killing another person without planning in advance.
• The percentage of reported crimes that police solve or clear is known as what?
• Which concept asserts that crime is influenced by learned behavior from peers and mentors?
• Which term describes an exaggerated public fear that a group or behavior threatens society?
• Which is a potential consequence of police stops?
• Which term means deliberately setting fire to property?
• Judge mood, bias, court crowding, lawyer quality, time pressure, and time of day can affect decisions.
• Which term describes unlawful entry into a structure to commit theft or another felony?
• Which concept describes the shift in addressing the opioid problem toward public health rather than criminal enforcement?
• What is a commonly cited drawback of frequent police stops?
• Which term denotes a combined concept of probation, parole, and incarceration when discussing movement between community supervision and confinement?
• Which term describes attacks on confidentiality, integrity, or availability of information systems?
• A killing that happens during the commission of a felony such as robbery or rape is called?
• Which term means a threat or attempt to injure someone?
• Which term describes approaches to reduce crime without relying solely on prison, such as education and restorative justice?
• Which term emphasizes reducing crime through education, treatment, and restorative justice rather than punishment?
• Places that have recently started receiving more immigrants, rather than traditional immigrant cities, are called what?
• In civil cases, the plaintiff must prove the case by a preponderance of the evidence. Which burden of proof applies?
• Which term best describes the documented approach that guides a company's actions as shown in official decisions?
• A killing that occurs during the execution of a separate crime is classified as?
• Which term describes a system that is punitive and excludes offenders from society?
• Which law regulated domestic use, sale, and transfer of opium and coca products?
• Making something no longer a crime, though it may still be regulated, is called:
• Which term describes the spillover effect where crime control benefits extend beyond the targeted area?
• Which term describes illegal or harmful acts that arise from cooperation between government entities and corporations?
• Which rationale involves making offenders repay or compensate victims?
• The work of law enforcement to keep order, enforce laws, and prevent or respond to crime is called:
• Physical, emotional, or sexual mistreatment of a child is referred to as which?
• Which term corresponds to a threatened or attempted harm without necessarily causing injury?
• Which term describes using technology to create counterfeit documents, distribute illegal material, or conduct illegal gambling?
• A mind-altering substance.
• Which term describes theft or stealing?
• Which concept holds that incarceration reduces crime by removing offenders from society, but evidence of effectiveness is limited?
• What term describes misleading investors or creating artificial demand to change stock prices for profit?
• Which term refers to illegal or harmful acts that result from cooperation between government entities and corporations?
• Which option best matches harm reduction?
• Which term describes corporate liability arising after an offense due to lack of timely corrective measures?
• Groups often described as white, Christian, working or middle-class Americans who believe their right to bear arms is threatened are known as what?
• Which term describes a system that tries to reintegrate offenders through rehabilitation and support?
• Night watch systems, constables, sheriffs, and slave patrols are predecessors of modern policing.
• Which term best matches the idea of trying to prevent future crimes by changing offender behavior?
• Which term describes concealing illegally obtained money to make it appear legal?
• Which rationale for incarceration is based on the idea that offenders deserve consequences for wrongdoing?
• Which category includes ketamine or testosterone?
• Compared to native-born citizens, immigrants generally commit crimes at what rate?
• Which term refers to organizations that assist immigrants with legal processes, resources, advocacy, and community support?
• Which term best fits the nonviolent, financially motivated offenses typically associated with professionals?
• Which federal program funds community policing and hiring of community police officers?
• Which term refers to a network of organized criminal activity involving extortion, protection money, bribes, contract killing, and corruption?
• Which explanation emphasizes individual-level motivation to succeed and fear of deportation as factors reducing crime among immigrants?
• Which concept refers to being pushed to the edges of society through poverty, exclusion, or disadvantage?
• The post-slavery laws that limited Black freedom are called?
• What term refers to illegal activities conducted by a structured group that coordinates the procurement of illegal goods and services?
• Which explanation emphasizes that strong immigrant communities and social networks reduce crime through community cohesion at the neighborhood level?
• Which law classified drugs by abuse potential and created strict controls over distribution, storage, and use?
• Harm caused by corporations, such as unsafe products, dangerous work conditions, or pollution.
• Which term refers to the long-term restrictions and penalties faced by individuals after incarceration, such as voting rights and employment barriers?
• Which term describes using deception or force to rape while pretending to engage in legitimate dating behavior?
• A penalty given to someone who breaks the law, such as prison, fines, or community service.
• Which term describes violence between two people in a dating or intimate relationship?
• Strategies that make drug use less dangerous, such as clean needles and overdose prevention:
• Which term describes forced sexual intercourse committed by someone the victim does not know?
• Causing death through criminally negligent behavior.
• What term describes a person who buys or sells stolen merchandise?
• Which description best fits high-tech criminals?
• Giving money, gifts, or favors to gain special treatment, privileges, or business.
• What term describes the killing of one human being by another?
• What term describes preventing crime by threatening punishment?
• Which term describes causing a consumer to give up money through deceit or misrepresentation?
• Which term refers to long-term effects such as job loss, housing issues, loss of voting rights, stigma, health problems, and family hardship?
• Which policing approach emphasizes aggressive enforcement of minor offenses to maintain order, often linked to racial disparities and strained community trust?
• Defendants accused of crimes against white victims often face harsher penalties than those against non-white victims. This is known as what?
• Undocumented immigrants are especially vulnerable to exploitation due to fear of deportation. Which group does this describe?
• Which term describes the process of transforming illicit gains into seemingly legitimate money?
• Which term specifically denotes a system designed to reintegrate offenders through rehabilitation and support?
• Which term describes a person without lawful immigration status?
• Which term describes trading a client's stocks frequently to generate large commissions?
• Which term refers to violence between people in a romantic or sexual relationship?
• What is an exceptional clearance?
• Which term refers to applying laws with minimal discretion, adhering closely to written statutes?
• Which classification describes premeditated murder or murder committed with extreme cruelty?
• Which category includes fentanyl and some stimulants?
• Laws restricting the movement, gatherings, and behavior of enslaved people are known as?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between police funding and crime drops?
• Which term describes the merging of criminal and immigration law?
• What term describes wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain?
• Networks of organized criminal activity involving extortion, protection money, bribes, contract killing, and corruption are called what?
• A corporate culture or personality that encourages employees or agents to commit crimes.
• Which federal initiative funds community policing and supports hiring of local officers?
• What term describes a scam that manipulates victims, often by exploiting greed or trust?
• Which statement describes that incarceration may slightly reduce crime through incapacitation, but the effect is small compared to cost?
• What term describes crimes committed by a company or its employees to benefit the corporation?
• Which statement best describes street crime versus white-collar crime?
• Which term denotes an unlawful attack involving a weapon or intent to cause serious bodily injury?
• Which statement is consistent with the idea that non-legal, everyday factors can shape sentencing outcomes?
• What term describes intentionally deceiving someone about an insurance matter to receive money illegally?